#One80
1
& 2 CORINTHIANS IN RELATION TO ACTS
By
Mark Moore
1.
Paul sent
Titus from Ephesus to Corinth with a copy of 1 Corinthians in the Spring of A.D. 55: 1 Cor 16:5–8 After I go through Macedonia, I will come to you—for I will be going through Macedonia. Perhaps I will stay with you awhile, or even spend the winter, so that you can help me on my journey, wherever I go. I do not want to see you now and make only a passing visit; I hope to spend some time with you, if the Lord permits. But I will stay on at Ephesus until Pentecost.
2.
Paul writes
a painful letter to the Corinthian Church: 2 Cor 2:3 I wrote as I did so that when I came I should not be distressed by those who ought to make me rejoice. I had confidence in all of you, that you would all share my joy.
3.
Paul takes
off for Macedonia, hoping to meet up with Titus: Acts 20:1 When the uproar had ended, Paul
sent for the disciples and, after encouraging them, said good-by and set out
for Macedonia.
4.
Paul stopped
at Troas to preach the gospel: 2
Cor 2:12–13 Now when I went to Troas to preach the gospel of Christ and found
that the Lord had opened a door for me, I still had no peace of mind, because I
did not find my brother Titus there. So I said good-by to them and went on to
Macedonia.
5.
Paul finally
meets up with Titus and gets a good report about the Corinthians' repentance: 2 Cor 7:5–9 For when we came into Macedonia,
this body of ours had no rest, but we were harassed at every turn—conflicts on
the outside, fears within. But God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by
the coming of Titus, and not only by his coming but also by the comfort you had
given him. He told us about your longing for me, your deep sorrow, your ardent
concern for me, so that my joy was greater than ever. Even if I caused you
sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it. Though I did regret it—I see that my
letter hurt you, but only for a little while—yet now I am happy, not because
you were made sorry, but because your sorrow led you to repentance. For you
became sorrowful as God intended and so were not harmed in any way by us.
6.
Paul writes
2 Corinthians and sends it ahead with Titus from Macedonia: 2 Cor 7:13 By all this we are encouraged. In
addition to our own encouragement, we were especially delighted to see how
happy Titus was, because his spirit has been refreshed by all of you.
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CORINTH — From Athens, Paul moves on to Corinth, where he spends 18 months (Acts 18:11), the longest in any church except for Ephesus, where he stayed about three years (Acts 19:8, 10). As major cities in the empire, Corinth and Ephesus become the missionaries’ bases of operation to evangelize the surrounding regions. Paul has a long (and sometimes tempestuous) relationship with the church at Corinth, which suffers from the kinds of problems typical of those who convert from a pagan environment of immorality and idolatry.
Paul's coming to Corinth was "in weakness and fear, and with much trembling" (1 Corinthians 2:3). Though he was directed through a vision to minister in Macedonia (Acts 16:9-10), the mission there had not gone at all as he had expected. Nor had his initial attempt in Achaia provided him with any reason to hope for a change in his fortunes. So he must have traveled from Athens to Corinth in a dejected mood, wondering what worse could happen and why God had allowed matters to fall out so badly. Also, he was almost sick with anxiety over the state of the Thessalonian converts whom he had been forced to leave with the threat of persecution hanging over them (1 Thessalonians 2:17-3:5). All this drove Paul into depression. He was only human, and he found that his emotions affected his spiritual well-being and his work. Perhaps at this time he prayed repeatedly for deliverance from his "thorn in the flesh," to which God responded, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:7-10).
At Corinth the exact situation is difficult to ascertain, mainly because in his letters to the Corinthians Paul provides so much allusive material about his relations with them, while Luke gives so little in Acts. One reason for this problem is the wide difference of purpose between Paul and Luke in their written materials: Paul's concern was pastoral and Luke's apologetic. Luke's main interest here in Acts 18 is the proceedings before Gallio (vv.12-17), in order (1) to demonstrate that one of the wisest of the Roman proconsuls had declared Christianity to be an approved religion and (2) to warn that if Rome began to persecute the church, it would be acting contrary to Gallio, a ruler renowned for his urbanity and wit.
The emperor Claudius Caesar (A.D. 41–54), while favorable toward the Jews early in his reign, later forbade their assembly. Suetonius, a Roman historian, indicates that Claudius “expelled from Rome the Jews, who were constantly rioting under the leadership of Chrestus.” Two Jewish refugees affected by this expulsion (which is dated in A.D. 49 by Orosius, a church historian) were Aquila and Priscilla. Luke records that when Paul stayed with them in Corinth, they “had recently come from Italy” because of Claudius’s edict (Acts 18:2, 3).
During a period of 18 months Paul established a flourishing Christian congregation (18:11). In A.D. 51 he was brought before Gallio, the Roman proconsul of Achaia (southern Greece). The archaeological remains of Gallio’s judgment hall have now been discovered. Perhaps more important, however, is an inscription found at Delphi that mentions Gallio and fixes his brief proconsulship over Achaia (about one year) in A.D. 51–52. The likelihood, then, that Paul founded the church in Corinth in A.D. 51 is one of the most certain points for establishing the chronology of Paul’s ministry.
After leaving Corinth, Paul accompanied Priscilla and Aquila to Ephesus. He left them there and sailed to Caesarea. He next greeted the church at Jerusalem before returning to his home base in Antioch.
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GALLIO—ACTS 18:12
1.
Proconsul, most probably 51–52 A.D.
2.
Real name: Marcus
Annaeus Novatus.
3.
Took the name of his adopted father, Lucius Junius Gallio
upon coming to Rome.
4.
Younger brother of Seneca the Stoic philosopher and tutor of
Nero as a child.
5.
Noted for his mild disposition:
Seneca,
Natural Questions, IV.
Statius,
Silvae, II. 7. 32.
Seneca,
Epistolae Morales, CIV.
6.
Achaia just recently returned to the rule of a proconsul,
probably in conjunction with the Jewish expulsion from Rome.
=====================
One Sunday, I was telling the story of Aquila the tent-maker to my 6-year-old daughter's Sunday-school class. As a demonstration, I had brought along my sewing machine to sew a tent for the children to play in after the lesson. While I was sewing, I asked the children if any of their mothers used a sewing machine. I was surprised to see that my daughter was the only one raising her hand.
I asked if any of their mothers used a needle and thread to mend clothes or to sew on a loose button. Again, my daughter was the only one raising her hand.
A few minutes later, I noticed one little boy with tears in his eyes. I asked, "Brady, what's wrong?"
He replied, "My mom only knows how to use a curling iron!"
-- Amy B., "Life in Our House," Christian Parenting Today, Vol. 13, no. 4.
See: Pr 31:10-31; Ac 18:1-26; Titus 2:4-5