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Showing posts sorted by relevance for query Stephen. Sort by date Show all posts

Monday, January 23, 2023

Acts 7:54 -- 8:1 The Stoning of Stephen = January 23

The Stoning of Stephen
Acts 7:54-8:1

What do you do when you feel angry enough to resort to sticks and stones?

Text Graphic
  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • Why did they cover their ears?
  • Why are mobs so dangerous? What tends to happen even to “innocent bystanders” around mob scenes?
  • What was Stephen’s reaction to his fate? Why do you think Stephen was able to face death courageously? Considering this oppressive situation, what type of person is Stephen? How does Stephen’s example encourage you?
  • Why are Stephen's listeners so enraged (see Daniel 7:13-14)? 
  • Stephen's death was illegal (see John 18:31). What does that reveal about the desperation of the Sanhedrin? 
  • This begins phase two ("Judea and Samaria") of God's plan (see Acts 1:8). How would you sum up the "Jerusalem phase" (ch. 2-7)?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • When Jesus was brought to trial, he was basically quiet before the Sanhedrin; yet Stephen spoke very boldly. How do you decide when to speak and when to be quiet before opposition?
  • What has been your experience with people who seem overly concerned with religious arguments?
  • What is one very traumatic event that happened to you in your formative years? Can you see now how God has used it for good? 
  • Peter's speech led to mass conversion (ch. 2), while Stephen's led to his death. What does that teach about success in one's service to God?
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.


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Stopping Ears

Russ Lawson
 
Aboard our flight from L.A. recently was an elderly lady who was taking her very first flight.
 
We had only been in the air a few minutes when the elderly lady complained to the stewardess that her ears were Stopping up.
 
The stewardess smiled and gave the older woman some chewing gum, assuring her that many people experienced the same discomfort.
 
When they landed, the lady thanked the stewardess, saying:
"The chewing gum worked fine,"  "but tell me, how do I get it out of my ears?"
 
Have you every stopped your ears? Has there ever been a time when you heard something that you realized was the truth and just decided not to listen or act upon what you heard? Quite possibly each of us are guilty of doing that to some extent.
 
How many sermons have you heard in your life time and thought, "I really need to change that in my life," or "I really need to work harder on that point," or I really need to mend that relationship". Then you get busy talking with folks after services and the thought goes out of your mind.
 
How many times have you read scripture and had a sudden revelation of understanding and thought, "Wow, I need to live differently, or serve God more fully." Then after the boss calls from work, the kids need you or some other thing wipes that thought from your memory. We may not stop our ears ourselves, maybe Satan is at work stopping them for us, but could we have made a difference? Could we have listened to God and acted upon what he says.
 
I know we live in a world where many people do actively deny God and His Word, they have "stopped their ears" and refuse to let God speak to them. The perfect example of course is Stephen found in Acts 7. He is preaching to his people, the Jews, and they didn't want to hear what he was saying. It contradicted what they had been taught before, it condemned them of killing the Messiah and we read: "Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord, And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man’s feet, whose name was Saul." (Verses 57-58)
       
Maybe it's time for us to unstop our ears and begin to listen closely as God speaks to us and then take some action on what we have heard. I like a modern translation of Ecclesiastes 5:1 that says, "As you enter the house of God, keep your ears open and your mouth shut…" Maybe instead of talking back to God and telling him what we won't do or why we can't do something, we just need to listen and obey.
 
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God’s Defense
 
And they stoned Stephen as he was calling on God and saying, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” Acts 7:59
 

In the fullest version (1563 edition) of his work (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs), John Foxe chronicled, in more than 2,300 pages, the lives of Christians who were persecuted, and often martyred, in England and Scotland during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation.
 

Though it is true that many faithful ones lost their lives, something else is true: God defended each one who died in true faith. Which raises a question: If God defended them, why did they die? Which begs an answer to this question: What does it mean to be defended by God? The story of Stephen in Acts 7 gives insight. When Stephen stood firm for Christ in the face of Jewish persecution in Jerusalem, he was stoned. But just before the stones began to fly, he had a vision of Jesus in heaven standing at the right hand of God, waiting to receive Stephen’s spirit. Normally, Jesus is pictured seated at the right hand of God (Ephesians 1:20; Hebrews 8:1). But Jesus stood in honor of Stephen’s courage and commitment.
 
There is something more important than life, and that is eternal life. God defends the eternal life of all who, in true faith, stand for Him.
 
And walls of salvation surround the soul [God] delights to defend.
 
Augustus M. Toplady

 

 


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Friday, January 20, 2023

Acts 7:29-53 Stephen's Speech January 20

Stephen's Speech
Acts 7:29-53

The Call of Moses (Exodus 3:1-22)
Acts 7:29-38
The Rebellion of Israel (Exodus 32:1-35; Deuteronomy 9:7-12; Amos 5:16-27)
Acts 7:39-43
The Tabernacle of the Testimony (Exodus 40:1-33; Hebrews 9:1-10)
Acts 7:44-47
Heaven Is My Throne (Isaiah 66:1-6)
Acts 7:48-53

What is the longest speech you've ever listened to? Was it exciting or boring? Why? What makes a speech or sermon interesting to you?
In which ways are you “just like your mother” or “just like your father”?


Text Graphic
  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • What constant pattern of reaction to God’s work in history by his own Hebrew race did Stephen see and point out?
  • From Acts 7:44-50, what is his point about the temple and God's presence? How is he turning the tables against his accusers once again? 
  • What is the value of this sort of factual account of God’s work in history?
  • What does Stephen mean by the phrase "uncircumcised hearts and ears" (Acts 7:51-53)? In this context, what is Stephen really saying about the Sanhedrin's regard for Moses and the Law? How does his charge reveal the reason why he gave them this history lesson? 
  • Did Stephen deliberately provoke them to murder him? Explain. What ignited the wrath of the Sanhedrin against Stephen?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • In what ways could the charges that Stephen makes against the leaders be made against you? How might you be "stiff-necked" this week? How will you begin to bow to God in that area now? 
  • Has Stephen's review of Old Testament history encouraged you? Challenged you? Confused you? Would you say that the old law is more like a stranger or a close friend to you? How does this speech show the importance of the first covenant to the early Christians? What will you do to let its importance grow for you?
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.







Monday, January 23, 2023

Life of Paul - Background = = January 23

Background of the Life of Paul

Possible Date: Maybe around AD 5 to 

Scripture

NOTE

#Paul
#Apostle Paul

Paul, BC the most unlikely Christian.

Introduction

Please look at your Bibles in Acts 7. I want you to think about a question that is asked of historians every few years in our nation. Every few years, a survey has taken of historians in America asking them the question who was the greatest president of all time, the greatest president in the history of the United States, and guess who usually comes in at the very top of the list. You probably guessed it, Abraham Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln usually is voted by historians as being the greatest president in the history of our nation. As much as the Civil War tore our country apart, it really could have been much, much worse if we had not had such a strong, godly leader in the White House, Abraham Lincoln was a very effective and successful president, and we would tend to think that his success as President was the culmination of a very successful career.

However, if you study the life of Abraham Lincoln, you discover quite the opposite. Surprisingly, Abraham Lincoln had almost no formal schooling, and at the age of 22 he went into business but failed. A year later, he ran for Illinois General Assembly, and he lost. He then applied to law school, but he was laughed out of the room because he had almost no formal schooling. They thought he was nuts about applying for law school.

Well, he started another business that failed and led him to file for bankruptcy. He spent the next 17 years paying off his debt. In 1843, he ran for Congress and lost. In 1854 he ran for the US Senate and lost. In 1856, he sought the vice-presidential nomination at his party's National Convention, but he was blown out of the water, and in 1858 he ran for the US Senate, and he lost again. So, they're in 1858, if you had predicted that Abraham Lincoln in two years would not only go on to become the next President of the United States, but would also become the most effective, greatest President of the United States, people would have thought you were nuts. You are not rowing with both oars in the water. You are not rowing with both orders in the water. You are a Taco shy of a combo plate. They would have thought you were insane. There is no way that Abraham Lincoln could be elected president. No way that he could become the greatest of all time. It just could not happen. In the year following Jesus's ascension into heaven, people would have said much the same thing about a young man named Saul.

Saul, the surprise transformation of a man.

If you had told the people of Jerusalem that the young hotheaded Pharisee, known as Saul, was going to become a Christian, they would have called you delusional. And if you had gone on to tell them that not only would he become a Christian, but he would go on to write almost half the books of the New Testament and become the most influential Christian in the history of Christianity, they would have thought you were crazy. Not a chance. Not Saul. No way, no how. They would have thought you were a lunatic if you had made that prediction.

I am excited to launch this study of the life of Paul. We will open God's word together and examine the life of the man who was quite possibly the greatest Christian leader who has ever lived. I want you to think about it. When the Christian Church was still in its infancy, he planted churches in over a dozen cities on two different continents and of the 27 books in the New Testament, he wrote 13 of them, including the Magna Carta of the New Testament, the Book of Romans. Peter, James and John were all great apostles, but the apostle Paul overshadowed them all, even though he was in his early years, the most unlikely man on the planet to become a Christian. So, I'm calling this study the 1st in this life of Paul series Paul, BC the most unlikely Christian.

Look in your Bibles at Acts 7. In just a few moments, we'll begin in verse 51. But let me kind of set the backdrop for you. In the early years of acts in the early years of Christianity, most of the Christians were in Jerusalem, especially in the early months of that first year. There were Christians, a few of them outside of Jerusalem, because on the very first day of the church on the day of Pentecost, 3000 were baptized and a number of those went back to their hometowns and told people about Jesus. But as the months went on in that first year of Christianity, most Christians on the planet were still there in Jerusalem. A lot happens in those early years that we read about in the first 6 or 7 chapters of the book of Acts.

In Acts 6 in those early verses of that chapter, we read about a significant event in the early Jerusalem Church. We find out that there in that first year after the church was born, most Christians on the planet were being ministered to there in Jerusalem. They were being ministered to by the 12 apostles. There got to be so many Christians the apostles couldn't do all the work of ministry themselves. So,  there early in Acts 6, they select 7 godly men who they designate to become deacons in the church. These godly men were wise. It says, they were full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, and they could be entrusted to oversee the church's ministry, particularly the church's ministry to widows.

One of these deacons was named Stephen. According to Acts 6:5, he was a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, according to Acts 6:8, he was a man full of God's grace and power, and he did great wonders and miraculous signs among the people. Unfortunately, many of the Jews didn't like Stephen very much. They didn't like him preaching so boldly about Jesus. They didn't like him, upstaging them by doing all these miracles So,  many Jews wanted to get rid of Stephen, they hated the guy's guts. We read in Acts 6:11, they secretly persuaded some men to say we have heard Stephen speak words of blasphemy against Moses and against God. Of course, these words weren't true. They pulled him out of thin air. They just wanted to drum up some false accusations so they could drag him before the Sanhedrin. The Jewish Supreme Court and have him convicted, hopefully killed, but at least in prison.

Well, one thing led to another. They end up seizing Stephen. They force him to stand before the Jewish High Council that Sanhedrin. Acts 7 records Stephen's defense before the Sanhedrin. Interestingly, it's not much of a defense, Stephen just takes the opportunity to preach a great sermon. He takes them back to father Abraham and gives them in a quick synopsis of the history of the Jewish people in the Old Testament. He continued how God had moved and worked through his people of Israel. He gives this powerful sermon. And as he gets to the end of that sermon, we're going to pick up here in Acts 7:51, as Stephen is bringing his sermon to a close as he's standing before the Sanhedrin. May God bless us as we study his word over the next few minutes together.

51“You stubborn people! You are heathenl at heart and deaf to the truth. Must you forever resist the Holy Spirit? That’s what your ancestors did, and so do you! 52Name one prophet your ancestors didn’t persecute! They even killed the ones who predicted the coming of the Righteous One—the Messiah whom you betrayed and murdered. 53You deliberately disobeyed God’s law, even though you received it from the hands of angels.”

54The Jewish leaders were infuriated by Stephen’s accusation, and they shook their fists at him in rage. 55But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed steadily into heaven and saw the glory of God, and he saw Jesus standing in the place of honor at God’s right hand. 56And he told them, “Look, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing in the place of honor at God’s right hand!”

57Then they put their hands over their ears and began shouting. They rushed at him 58and dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. His accusers took off their coats and laid them at the feet of a young man named Saul.

59As they stoned him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” 60He fell to his knees, shouting, “Lord, don’t charge them with this sin!” And with that, he died.

1Saul was one of the witnesses, and he agreed completely with the killing of Stephen.

Persecution Scatters the Believers

A great wave of persecution began that day, sweeping over the church in Jerusalem; and all the believers except the apostles were scattered through the regions of Judea and Samaria. 2(Some devout men came and buried Stephen with great mourning.) 3But Saul was going everywhere to destroy the church. He went from house to house, dragging out both men and women to throw them into prison.

Notice the position of Jesus in verse 55. We know that when Jesus ascended into heaven, Scripture says that he was sitting at the right hand of God. But in this moment, Jesus stands up to welcome home Stephen who's going to be the man who's going to become the very first Christian martyr. Stephen, was the first Christian to be killed for his faith in Jesus Christ. Long before any of the 12 apostles were killed for their faith, Stephen was put to death. It wasn't even a legal execution. The Romans, remember, had taken away Jewish authority to carry out capital punishment on any fellow Jews. They didn't have that authority. That's why when Jesus was arrested, the Jewish leaders had to take them before governor Pilot because they couldn't crucify him without Roman permission. So,  what's happening here is basically a backyard lynching. The Sanhedrin, and the mob, they have no authority to execute. But they did it anyway. They took him out to a back alley. They picked up rocks and they threw him at his head until he bled out and died.

Here the Jewish Sanhedrin doesn't seek Roman permission to kill Stephen, and they simply threw him to the crowd. They threw him to the mob and let them have their way with Stephen as they stood back and cheered them on. And who was it who was standing there as the number one cheerleader for this mob, that killed Stephen? Well, Acts 7:58, it was a young man named Saul.

Now Saul is the Hebrew name of the man we know as Paul. So ‘Saul’ or “Paul” in the book of Acts, it's the same man. Saul is the Hebrew name, and Paul is the Greek name. Same guy. So,  there he is, the witnesses it says put their cloaks or their coats at his feet. Now, who are the witnesses? Those that were the ones that came forward and accused Stephen of doing things they knew full well he hadn't done. According to Old Testament law, if you were a witness in a capital offense and the person was found guilty and was going to be stoned to death, it was the witnesses who were responsible to pick up the rocks and be the first to throw them at that guy's head. Because you know what? That's going to verify you're telling the truth. If you're going to be responsible for picking up the rocks and actually killing the guy. But these guys were so wicked, so to depraved, they didn't care that they had lied, and they were still throwing rocks at his head. So here these witnesses were those that were going to be the first to pick up the rocks and stone Stephen. They laid their cloaks at Saul's feet. Evidently, there were some pickpockets in the crowd and they didn't want their cloaks stolen. So there had to be someone watching them. And Saul says I'll happily do it and I'm going to cheer you on as you stoned Stephen to death.

The first time we read about Paul in the Bible, isn't it remarkable he's not sharing the gospel. He's not talking about how great Jesus is. He's not even in a synagogue. The first time we hear of Paul is in the New Testament. He's there, giving his applause to those who are murdering the first Christian martyr. And in case there's any doubt in our minds about whether or not Paul approved of this lynching, we're told very plainly in Acts 8:1, Saul was there giving approval to his death. He was saying I support Stephen's arrest, I support the witnesses, trumped up charges against him. I support the verdict of the "Kangaroo court". And I fully support what those men did to that no-good piece of filth when they cracked his skull open and let him die in the street. I supported it 100%. Look with me at how verse one is translated in a few different Bible translations. First of all, the ESV says it this way. Saul approved of Stephen’s execution. How about the Holman Christian Standard version? It says it this way. Saul agreed with putting him to death. How about the Living Bible goes on to say Paul was in complete agreement with the killing of Stephen, and then The Message more times than not, the message gives us a paraphrase. It says it this way. Saul was right there congratulating the killers. The great Apostle Paul, this is how we're introduced to him. He's a murderer. He's cheering him on. He's supporting him. He doesn't stand up for Stephen. He doesn't say. Wait a minute. These charges were bogus. He's right there supporting the whole thing. He must have. He might as well have picked up the rocks himself and throwing them at Stephen. Stephen's blood splattered on the ground next to Saul's feet and he developed from this point forward a thirst for Christian blood. Because look at what we read in verse three, Saul began to destroy the church. Now the word destroy is very significant in the original Greek, this word destroys the translation of a Greek word that was used to describe a wild animal mangling its prey. So, Saul was like a bloodthirsty wolf who wanted to mangle Christians. The English standard version, and the Holman Christian Standard, both translate this part of the verse this way. Saul was ravaging the church; he was ravaging the church and look at how it said in the Living Bible. It reads Paul was like a wild man going everywhere to devastate believers.

Well, he's going from house to house. He's dragging off men and women and putting them in prison because of their Roman occupiers, the Jewish Sanhedrin was limited in what they could do. To apprehend and punish these Christians. But Saul wasn't technically a member of the Sanhedrin. He wasn't a part of the 70. We're going to find out later that he was closely connected with the Sanhedrin, but he wasn't part of them technically, so he was able to do what they weren't able to do legally. He was their bulldog. He was their mob hitman. He was the guy that could do the dirty work for them. The Sanhedrin wanted the Christians in town to shut up. Saul wanted them to shut up even more. The Sanhedrin wanted Christian men to be arrested, but Saul wasn't satisfied with just arresting men, so he arrested women too. The Sanhedrin wanted the Christian ringleaders. Saul wanted them dead even more. The Sanhedrin hated Christians. But make no mistake about it. Saul hated Christians even more. And we asked the question why? Why did he hate Christians so much?

Well, Saul hated Christians with a passion because from the bottom of his heart, Saul hated Jesus Christ. Let that sink in, Saul. Hated Jesus Christ. He hated Jesus so much that he set out on a mission to eradicate the name of Jesus not only from the lips of Christians in Jerusalem, but from the lips of Christians around the world.

So, who was this wild man's soul? And why did he hate Jesus and his followers so much?

Well, let's take a closer look at what Paul himself reveals as he gives a bit of an autobiography later in the book of Acts and later in his epistles in the New Testament. In the book of Acts and in the epistles, Paul paints for us a clear picture of who he was, BC -- who he was before he accepted Christ and was baptized. Who he was before he became the world's most unlikely Christian convert. Paul offers us a quick autobiography in Acts 22:3, he says, I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city of Jerusalem under Gamaliel I was thoroughly trained in the law of our fathers and was just as zealous for God as any of you are today. In Acts 23:6, Paul reveals that he was a Pharisee. And his dad was also a Pharisee. Remember the Pharisees were the Jewish legalists. They believed in obeying every single one of God's Old Testament laws. And just to make sure they did, they believed in obeying hundreds of extra laws that were added to the Old Testament. They obeyed all these thousands of laws. Philippians 3:5-6, Paul says a little bit more about this in his autobiography he says I was circumcised on the eighth day of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin. A Hebrew of Hebrews in regard to the law, a Pharisee. As for zeal -- persecuting the church, as for legalistic righteousness -- I was faultless. He goes on to say in Galatians 1:14. I was advancing in Judaism beyond many Jews of my own age and was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers.

When we pieced together these verses of Paul's autobiography and combine them with what we're told elsewhere in scripture about Phariseeism and about the Sanhedrin and about Gamaliel. But we can paint a pretty accurate portrait of young Saul.

You see, Saul was born in the town of Tarsus. Tarsus was about 400 miles north of Jerusalem, so if you were to follow that coast of the Mediterranean Sea up around the corner into modern-day Turkey, that's where you would find Tarsus, about 11 miles or so inland from the port city there at the Mediterranean Sea. He grew up in Tarsus. It was an important town in Paul's day. It was a cosmopolitan multiethnic town with a lot of Greek and Roman culture worked into it. That's where he was born. But more important to his parents than being Roman citizens was the fact that they were members of the Community of Israel. They were Jews through and through. Paul's parents were Roman citizens, yes, but more important to them was the fact that they were Jewish.

So, when Paul was still just a young boy, his parents decided to move to Jerusalem. So, they moved to Jerusalem. After all, they were Pharisees. They were these strict legalists. So, they didn't want their young boy growing up in this pagan town of Tarsus, possibly being influenced and tainted by all the Greeks, the Romans and the non-Jews that lived in town. They wanted him to grow up in the heart of Judaism. So, they took him to Jerusalem when he was probably just three or four years old. And they taught him the word of God. They taught him the Old Testament from a very young age. These Pharisees, they did believe in all 39 books of the Old Testament. Unlike the Sadducees. So, you better believe that Paul's mom and dad taught him the word of God.

So, they taught him the word of God by the age of 13, and Paul would have mastered Jewish history. He would have mastered the Psalms and the Old Testament prophets. And he was an intelligent young man, as we can see from him, being able to write 13 books of the New Testament later in life. He was so intelligent that he had probably committed much of the Old Testament to memory by the time he became 13 years of age. Sometime after his 13th birthday, most likely while he was still a teenager,

Saul began to be mentored, by one of the most respected Jewish rabbis of that time, a man by the name of Gamaliel. He was a Pharisee who was part of the Jewish Sanhedrin. Part of that Supreme Court of Israel. Gamaliel was the grandson of the most famous Jewish scholar of the 1st century BC. That scholar we know today is Hillel. Well, Hillel's grandson was Gamaliel, who was there on the Sanhedrin in Paul's day. Like his grandfather, Gamaliel knew the Hebrew scriptures like the back of his hand, and he was a wise and level-headed leader in the Sanhedrin. If you were to flip back a few chapters to Acts 5:33-34, you can read one of Gamaliel's speeches before the Jewish Sanhedrin. Several weeks before Stephen was arrested and put to death, the apostle James and John had been arrested by the Sanhedrin. In fact, they had been arrested twice and they were brought before the Sanhedrin and the Sanhedrin in no uncertain terms, said to Peter and John stop preaching in the streets in the name of Jesus. I want you to shut up. about Jesus. Remember Peter so boldly, said judge for yourselves, whether it is right before God, to obey him or you. No, we're going to keep obeying, obeying God instead of obeying man. So, that's what Peter had said before the Sanhedrin. Gamaliel so wisely stood up at that point that the Sanhedrin was furious and wanted to stone Peter and John to death. He stood up and said this and Acts 4:38, he said. Therefore, in the present case, I advise you. Leave these men alone. Let them go for if Peter and John's purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men. You will only find yourselves fighting against God.

Gamaliel may have single-handedly saved Peter and John's lives. Cooler heads prevailed that day. The rest of the Sanhedrin took his advice. They chose to flog Peter and John and then release them. So where was Saul during Gamaliel's great speech there in Acts 4. Well, as a student of Gamaliel, he was probably right there in the gallery, listening to every word that his rabbi was saying. Saul probably overheard every word Gamaliel said in that speech, and based on how Saul responded to Stephen's murder just a few weeks later, I'm pretty sure I know what Saul was thinking when his mentor Gamaliel was giving his speech. Saul was probably thinking something like this, the old man is getting soft. Yeah, I'm very thankful. Don't get me wrong, I'm thankful for what he's taught me, but he's dead wrong on this one. We can't afford to tiptoe around these Jesus followers and treat them with kid gloves. We must nip this Jesus cult in the bud. We need to wipe out its leaders and we have no time to lose. I'm pretty confident that's what was going through Saul's head. He had been trained and mentored by Gamaliel, but there's a shift that takes place where it seems like now, he came out from underneath the tutelage of Gamaliel and rolled up his sleeves and said, I'm going to take matters into my own hands. You see it was just a few weeks later, right after Stephen's sermon that the blood of Stephen splattered the ground next to where Saul was standing and guarding the coats of the murderers. Regardless of whether or not Gamaliel approved, Saul wasn't going to follow in his footsteps anymore. He was ready to man up and do a Gamaliel didn't seem to have the guts to do to stamp out Christianity, once and for all. No matter what Gamaliel or Nicodemus or his parents or anyone else said, Saul was going to do everything within his power to wipe out every last Christian on earth. He would either force them to deny and blaspheme Jesus's name, or he would throw them into prison, and if they wouldn't let up, he'd cover the streets with their blood. That was his mission. That was his purpose.

This is the man of God who God shows to plant churches throughout Europe and Asia This is the man God leads to becoming the most influential Christian who ever lived. No one in his right mind would have ever guessed.

I'd like to share with you three life lessons that we can pull from this study of the early years of Paul, three lessons that we can learn from Paul, BC.

Even the greatest Christians have a dark side.

Life lesson #1. Even the greatest Christians have a dark side. We all have checkered pasts. It's true, isn't it? We all have a dark side. We all have dark checkered pasts. I have it. You have it. Everyone around us has a dark side and a checkered past. David, the man after God's Own Heart, think about David. He was an adulterer and a murderer. How about Abraham, the great man of faith and the friend of God? He told two different kings that his wife was his sister to save his own skin. That's not so great, is it? How about Jesus's apostle Peter? He denied knowing Jesus three times. How about Paul here? He arrested and killed Christians because the bottom line was, he hated Jesus. Even the most loving, caring world-changing Christians have checkered pasts. No one is squeaky clean. We all have a dark side to our testimony.

There is hope for you in Christ

This leads us to a life lesson #2. No matter what you've done. No matter how far you strayed from God? There is hope for you in Christ. If you'll let him, God will save you. Do you believe that? It's true. Most of you have heard me say it before. I hope that it rings like a broken record in your ears. God's grace is greater than my disgrace. God's grace is greater than my disgrace, say out loud. God's grace is greater than my disgrace. It's true. The most loved Christian song of the past 200 years has certainly been the song Amazing Grace. And some of you may have never heard the story of how that hymn came about. In the late 1700s, a man by the name of John Newton was doing one of the most heinous things that any human being could ever do. John Newton had a slave ship that he was taking down to Africa. He was kidnapping Africans, shoving them into the whole of his ship and taking them back and selling them into the slave trade in England. And he did this trip after trip until finally he gave his life to Christ and became so convicted by what he had been doing. He quit the slave trade and years later penned those words.

 Amazing Grace. How sweet the sound. That saved a wretch like me, I once was lost. But now I'm found. Was blind, but now I see.

 He looked back on his life as a slave ship captain. And for the rest of his life, bearing that guilt and that shame of what he had done, was never ceasing to be amazed by the grace of Almighty God through Christ. That was greater than his disgrace. And some believe that the tune that those words to Amazing Grace was put to was the tune that he heard those African slaves singing in the whole of his ship. As he took that trip from Africa to England years earlier. That melody haunted him, and he worked it into this beautiful hymn that has ministered to hundreds of 1,000,000 in the last 200 years. God's grace is greater than our disgrace. Over the years, I thought many times, if God could forgive a man like John Newton, then he can certainly forgive me. And I say the same to you today. If God can forgive and save a man like John Newton, then certainly he can save you as well. No matter what you've done, no matter how far you've strayed from God, there is hope for you in Christ. If you'll let him, God will save you.

He recruits them to change the world

And finally, life lesson #3. God doesn't just save hellbent sinners, he recruits them to change the world. It is so important that you take to heart this life lesson, I don't want you to miss it. First of all, I want you to see how it applies to you. Even after you're saved, Satan is very good at whispering things in your ear. He's very good at whispering in your ear. You're a loser. You're a nobody. You don't belong at church. You don't fit in. You're a hypocrite. You can't serve, you can't lead anyone to Christ. You're useless. You know, I'm telling the truth, don't you? Satan is very good at whispering in her ears even after we're saved, and that's when Jesus Christ calls you and me to take a stand and say get behind me, Satan. Go to hell. Say well, my mom taught me never to say go to hell.  Well, you say to Satan and I'm giving you permission. You tell Satan to get behind you. You tell him to get lost, to go to where he belongs to the pit of hell, because the truth is, I used to be a loser, but Jesus Christ has made me a winner. I used to be a nobody, but Jesus has made me a "somebody." I used to be a reject, but now I've got a church family that loves me. I belong here and now I can serve. I can leave my friends and family to Christ. I am useful. Jesus Christ has filled my life with purpose and I can, and I will do great things for him. Not because I'm great, but because the savior within me is great and I take to the bank his words, his promise that I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. I can do all things through him. Oh, I was a loser. I was a nobody. I was a reject. But Jesus Christ has made me someone because of his grace and His mercy on me.

Oh, listen. I don't want you to miss what I'm about to say. This third lesson here doesn't just apply to you, but it applies to those around you, especially those who are the least likely on the planet to ever get saved and ever be used by God to change the world. This lesson here, God doesn't just save hell-bent sinners, he recruits them to change the world. This lesson applies to your brother or sister who hasn't gone to church in 10 years. It applies to your son or daughter who told you a few months back. I don't believe in God anymore. It applies to your niece and nephew. Who were strung out on drugs? Who knows where? You don't even know where they are, but they're out on the streets somewhere, strung out on drugs. This lesson applies to them as well. It applies to your uncle in prison, it applies to your neighbor down the street, who's one of the most wicked men you've ever met. It applies to Snoop Dogg. It applies to Bill Maher. It applies to Joe Biden. It applies to Donald Trump. And yes, it even applies to Vladimir Putin. This life lesson applies to anyone and everyone, Christians don't stop praying for those that you know who are the least likely to ever get saved, and the least likely to ever be used by God to change the world, because those are the very ones that God will save and recruit to change this world for Jesus Christ.  You see, God did it 2000 years ago with a Jesus-hating murderer named Saul, and he still does it today.

Prayer -- God, I thank you that years ago, You took hold of the heart of a man named Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a one-room log cabin in the outskirts of some Podunk town of Kentucky. You set him apart to be used by you. To lead our country through the most challenging endeavor it ever faced. Thank you, Lord, for using Abraham Lincoln. Thank you, Lord, for taking hold of the heart of that murderous slave trader John Newton and saving him and using him to pen a hymn that has blessed hundreds of 1,000,000 over the last 200 years. Thank you, Lord, for taking the heart, and using the heart of John Newton. Thank you, Lord, for taking hold of the heart of Paul who hated you? But even though he hated You, You came to him, You revealed Yourself to him and You gave him an opportunity to be saved. And you used him to change the world. And thank you, Lord, for what you are doing in us, we don't deserve our salvation, but you gave it to us anyway, thank you. And help us to in faith, believe what most people refuse to believe. That the worst of sinners around us, the most wicked men, the most rebellious women, can be saved through the grace of Jesus Christ. Because your Grace is greater than their disgrace. And not only can you save them, but you can also use them to turn around and save many others. You can use them to change this world for Jesus Christ. Increase our faith, Lord Jesus. Help us to believe that you still do today in lives what you did in the life of Saul 2000 years ago. Thank you, Lord. For this great man of faith, and what you did bringing him from where he was into the man he became. In Jesus' name.

Thank you so much for diving into God's word today. God did it for Paul. He can do it for you. God did it for Paul. He can do it for those around us. Believe it. Pray for it and work together with him. To lead the least likely sinners, I should say the least likely Christians into a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ. God bless you as you serve our Lord today.

 

Birth


A Roman Citizen



Early Years



Scenery of Tarsus







Wednesday, January 18, 2023

Acts 7:1-12 Stephen's Speech = January 18

Stephen's Speech
Acts 7:1-12

Stephen’s Address: The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-9)
Acts 7:1-8
Joseph Sold into Egypt (Genesis 37:12-30)
Acts 7:9-14
Intro Questions
As a child, who was the best storyteller you ever heard? What made that person so effective?
Where did your ancestors come from? Do you have any heroes in your family? Any black sheep?


Text Graphic
  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • From Acts 6:13-14, how would you write up the formal charges against Stephen? 
  • Stephen reviewed Jewish history and saw it as purposeful. What does it reveal about his respect for the Mosaic Law? What had been Yahweh’s purpose in their history?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • Since the Sanhedrin knew religious history every bit as well as Stephen, how do you account for their radically different response to Jesus? To fully understand Jesus, what is needed in your life besides well-rehearsed knowledge? 
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.







Tuesday, January 17, 2023

Acts 6:1-15 The Choosing Of The Seven = January 17

The Choosing Of The Seven
Acts 6:1-7

Which responsibility at home or work would you gladly give up? Never give up?

Text Graphic
  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • Given Acts 2:44-45 and Acts 4:32, how could the widows be neglected?
  • How do the apostles resolve this problem?
  • Why did they choose men "full of the Spirit and wisdom"?
  • Considering Acts 6:6, why such attention to a seemingly minor task?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • What secondary issues hinder your congregation from fulfilling Acts 1:8?
  • Does you congregation require high credentials and offer great blessings for the minor tasks? If not, what if it did?
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.
Stephen Seized
Acts 6:8-15

Are you more likely to "rock-the-boat" or keep "peace-at-any-price"?

  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • What do you think Stephen was like?
  • Immigrant Jews often formed their own synagogues in Jerusalem. How is their opposition to Stephen like and unlike the opposition the apostles faced from the Sanhedrin in Acts 5:27-28?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • What two adjectives best describe your spiritual life?
  • What would be different if you were "full of grace and power"?
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.



Radiating From Within

And all who sat in the council, looking steadfastly at him, saw his face as the face of an angel. Acts 6:15

Recommended Reading

Exodus 34:29-35

The New York Times recently carried an article about what the newspaper called a "youthful glow, radiating from within," which characterizes certain people. The writer described the multibillion-dollar skin care industry and the prevalence of cosmetic surgery. But having a youthful glow is "more than skin deep," said the columnist. It must come from within, from our attitudes and lifestyle habits.

Indeed. In eternity our faces will glow with radiance possible only in heaven. According to Revelation 21, the Celestial City shines with the internal radiance of the glory of God; and we can assume our faces will shine like the face of Moses on Mount Sinai, of Jesus on the Mount of Transfiguration, and of Stephen in Acts 6.

But we don't have to wait until heaven. The Bible says: "We all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as by the Spirit of the Lord" (2 Corinthians 3:18). Psalm 34:5 says, "They looked to Him and were radiant." The easiest way to make our faces beautiful is by looking at Him.

A person's face is the signature of his soul.

William L. Stidger, early twentieth-century preacher

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Earlier in the book of Acts, we met Stephen, who was described as being "a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit" (Acts 6:5). Now Barnabas is described in similar terms. Just as was the case for Barnabas, ministry must be based on the work of God through us as we are gifted and empowered by the Holy Spirit. Our faith that God can do more than we can even imagine is crucial to this kind of Spirit-power working through our lives (Ephesians 3:14-21). Unfortunately, some of us want a shortcut to the Spirit's power. We don't want to have to demonstrate faithfulness. We don't want to be focused on prayer. We don't want to be devoted to sharing with others. But in both Barnabas and Stephen, we see these qualities. As we continue our journey looking at the Holy Spirit through the remainder of the year, let's all ask ourselves: "What do I need to do to open my heart and invite the Holy Spirit to have more influence on me and more transformational power in me?" When we yield to the Spirit's power and influence, our lives bear amazing fruit. Barnabas wasn't effective just because of his talent; he was effective because of his faith and because of the Holy Spirit's power in him!

Today's Prayer

Almighty God and Creator, forgive me. Holy Spirit, fill me. Son of God, cleanse my heart. I want to yield to your control. I want to be faithful in every season of life. I want to be spiritually wise in what I say and do. I want you, O LORD, to have influence and control so that others can know your grace. In Jesus' name, I ask for these mercies. Amen.

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Thursday, January 19, 2023

Acts 7:13-28 Stephen's Speech = January 19

Stephen's Speech
Acts 7:13-28

Israel Oppressed in Egypt (Exodus 1:8-22)
Acts 7:15-19
The Birth and Adoption of Moses (Exodus 2:1-10)
Acts 7:20-22
The Rejection and Flight of Moses (Exodus 2:11-22)
Acts 7:23-28


What is the longest speech you've ever listened to? Was it exciting or boring? Why? What makes a speech or sermon interesting to you?

Text Graphic
  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • Why does Stephen spend the bulk of his history lesson talking about Moses? What parallels does he draw between Moses and Jesus? How does this relate to the charges against him in Acts 6:13-14 How does the quote in Acts 7:37 begin to turn the tables on his accuser regarding who is really rejecting Moses)?
  • What were Stephen’s beliefs about Moses and the Law (vv. 22, 35-39, 53) and the Temple (vv. 41-50)?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • How do people hold on to religious rituals and heroes today, while missing the whole point of what those ceremonies and people represent? 
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.







Monday, February 6, 2023

Acts 11:19-30 The Church in Antioch = February 6

The Church in Antioch
Acts 11:19-30

What is the farthest from home you have ever been? Why were you there?


The Church in Antioch
19Now those who were scattered because of the persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except Jews20But there were some of them, men of Cyprus and Cyrene, who on coming to Antioch spoke to the Hellenistsc also, preaching the Lord Jesus21And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number who believed turned to the Lord22The report of this came to the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to Antioch23When he came and saw the grace of God, he was glad, and he exhorted them all to remain faithful to the Lord with steadfast purpose24for he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord25So Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul26and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people. And in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians.
27Now in these days prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch28And one of them named Agabus stood up and foretold by the Spirit that there would be a great famine over all the world (this took place in the days of Claudius). 29So the disciples determined, every one according to his ability, to send relief to the brothersd living in Judea30And they did so, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

  • God is ... What do we learn about God in this passage?
  • We are ... What do we learn about people in this passage?
  • Why up until now had they told the Good News only to Jews according to Acts 11:19?
  • Antioch was the third largest city in the Roman empire. What might the apostles feel as they hear the Gospel is taking root there in Acts 11:23? 
  • Why did Barnabas seek Paul’s help at Antioch?
  • Write a character reference for Barnabas based on Acts 11:22-26 (also 4:36-37). From this profile, why did Barnabas recruit Saul Acts 9:27-28?
  • I will ... What has the Holy Spirit revealed to us in this passage? How can I apply it to my life this week?
  • With whom do you associate that no minister would normally contact? How do you share the Gospel with those people? 
  • Would these people be comfortable in your church? 
  • What is the most unusual thing the Holy Spirit has done in your life?
  • You can ... Who do you know who needs to hear this? Feel free to share with others by social media links at the bottom of this.

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The Great Encourager

 

Most folks don't know his real name — it's Joseph. Even fewer know where he is from — it's Cyprus. Very few know which Jewish tribe marked his ancestry — Levi. Yet remarkably, this fellow is one of many Christians' favorite people of the Bible. However, most folks know him only by the nickname given to him by the apostles — which is Barnabas. This nickname means "son of encouragement" or as we would call him today, "The Great Encourager." (Acts 4:36-37)

Barnabas was generous with his financial and real estate resources. That is where he received his nickname. However, this trusted leader in the early church was also sent out to check on the rumor that non-Jews were responding to the Gospel message in Antioch. (Acts 11:22-24) He found that God was doing great things there and searched for Saul from Tarsus (who later became known as the apostle Paul) and asked him to join in the effort. (Acts 11:25-26) At this point, Saul had been converted, but most folks were afraid to include him because of his history as a persecutor of Christians. After spending time together building the great church in Antioch, Barnabas included Saul (Paul) as his traveling companion on a great missionary journey. (Acts 13:1-3; Acts 14:21-28) After securing the preaching of the Gospel to non-Jews, Paul and Barnabas would split up. (Acts 15:1-39) Barnabas not only found his emotionally wounded nephew, John Mark, he also restored him to useful missionary service. (2 Timothy 4:11)

Barnabas' life was a journey of encouragement, church building, people development, and faith. No wonder this "Son of Encouragement" was considered to be a man of faith and the Holy Spirit. (Acts 11:24) What an incredible life he lived! I'm not sure how I will be remembered, but I would sure love to be remembered as an encourager like Barnabas.

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Acts 11:19-30

#Gospel #Barnabas 
C.         The Gospel Spreads In The Gentile World,                 11:19-30
The Church in Antioch

The Gospel Comes to Antioch (11:19-30)


Synopsis:         The persecution which followed the death of Stephen proved to be a blessing in as much as the disciples who were scattered preached the gospel and churches were established.  In Antioch, for the first time they began to preach to the Gentiles.  The elders in Jerusalem heard of this and sent Barnabas to investigate.  He was thrilled at the spread of the gospel and encouraged them.  He went to find Saul of Tarsus and brought him to Antioch.  The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.  A famine was forecast throughout the world.  The Gentile Christians sent a contribution to the Jewish Christians in Judaea by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.
The early church’s mission continues to the Gentiles, as demonstrated in Antioch and the reintroduction of Saul to the Acts narrative.
19
They therefore that were scattered abroad upon the tribulation that arose about Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to none save only to Jews.

19Now those who were scattered because of the persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except Jews

Meanwhile, the believers who had fled from Jerusalem during the persecution after Stephen's death traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch of Syria. They preached the Good News, but only to Jews.NLT


Jesus had told the apostles before he died that the gospel would be preached first in Jerusalem, then in Judea, then in Samaria and then to the uttermost parts of the world.  After Stephen was put to death, the Christians who were scattered preached the word as indicated in this verse; however, they preached only to the Jews.  God taught them through the conversion of Cornelius that the gospel needed to be preached to the Gentiles as well.  These Jews went to the above cities which were Gentile cities; however, they preached the gospel only to the Jews.


Antioch (11:19) – Antioch on the Orontes in Syria was the third largest urban center of antiquity (after Rome and Alexandria), with an estimated population of half a million, and was the headquarters of Rome’s Syrian legion. With a famous cult center of Apollo within walking distance and Seleucia, its port city off the Mediterranean coast, only a brief river journey, it boasted numerous mystery cults and was known for its pagan religious diversity. (BBC)
  • Under Augustus and Tiberius, aided by Herod the Great, [Antioch] was enlarged and beautified in the Roman manner, the road systems extending from it were improved, and its seaport of Seleucia Pieria further developed. Thus the communications of Antioch with the Levant[1] and, indeed, with the whole of the empire, were made far more rapid and secure than they had been before. This was to prove useful to the church. (NIBC, 203)
  • The winds of persecution which were stirred at the death of Stephen bore the followers of the Way all the way to Cyprus and Antioch (cf. 8:1). Again Luke reiterates that persecution spreads the gospel both to Jew and to gentile (11:20). The gospel is like a wildfire—stamp upon it in one place, it will ignite in another. Now it burns brightly with nothing to hold it back, for even the barrier between gentile and Jew has been surmounted. As elsewhere, the evangelistic success of the apostolic preaching is not of solely human creation. “The hand of the Lord was with them, …” (v. 21). (IBCTP, 105)



as far as Phoenicia The mission of the early church extends into the region of Phoenicia—in modern-day Lebanon, north of Israel along the Mediterranean coast—beyond Caesarea (8:40) and to areas besides Damascus (9:1–2).
Cyprus A large Mediterranean island that figures prominently in Acts (e.g., 4:3615:3921:327:4).
Antioch The Roman military and administrative capital of its region in southern Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey).
except Jews alone Luke (the narrator) underlines the culturally limited scope of the church’s witness beyond Jerusalem prior to this point. See 8:4.



Phoenicia. A country about 15 miles wide and 120 miles long stretching along the northeastern Mediterranean coast (modern Lebanon). Its important cities were Tyre and Sidon. Cyprus. An island in the northeastern Mediterranean; the home of Barnabas (4:36). Antioch. The third city of the Roman empire (after Rome and Alexandria). It was 15 miles inland from the northeast corner of the Mediterranean. The first largely Gentile local church was located here, and it was from this church that Paul's three missionary journeys were launched (13:1-4; 15:40; 18:23).
The Value of Non-prominent Christians (11:19-21) – The fact that non-prominent Christians did such significant work for Christ reminds us that the famous are not necessarily the most significant or most important people in the church. The famous have gifts that put them into the limelight—and that is not wrong. But neither is it necessarily great. Some of the most significant work for the kingdom has been done by unknown witnesses who are obedient to Christ right where they are and where they do not attract much attention. … Our aim in life is not to get our name in the papers, but to hear the Master say, “Well done.” It is the prospect of this reward that thrills true Christians. (NIVAC, 353,354)


20
But there were some of them, men of Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they were come to Antioch, spake unto the Greeks also, preaching the Lord Jesus.

20But there were some of them, men of Cyprus and Cyrene, who on coming to Antioch spoke to the Hellenistsc also, preaching the Lord Jesus

But among them were some men of Cyprus and Cyrene who, on coming to Antioch, spoke to the Hellenists also, proclaiming the Lord Jesus. NRSV



The men of Cyprus and Cyrene who went to Antioch of Syria were Jewish Christians. They were Hellenist Jews which means they grew up outside of Palestine. They realized that the gospel needed to be preached to the Gentiles as well as the Jews.  When they came to Antioch, they preached to the Gentiles. This was the beginning of the great missionary church in Antioch. The following verses tell about this great church.


Cyrene A city in northern Africa (modern-day Libya) settled by Greeks, which in the first century had a large Jewish population.
Hellenists Referring to Greek-speaking non-Jews, as opposed to traditional Jewish people and Greek-speaking Jews, to whom Christians had primarily been spreading the gospel message. Compare note on 6:1.



Cyrene. See note on 2:10. Greeks. Not Greek-speaking Jews, but Gentiles.
An Awesome Task (11:20-21) – Antioch (of Syria) was a huge city—cosmopolitan, commercialized, and corrupt. With over half a million people (and most of them pagan in their beliefs), this godless metropolis might have intimidated the followers of Christ who had fled there. Not so! The believers arrived in Antioch with the Good News on their lips. They permeated the entire city, so much so that they earned the nickname “Christians” (Christ’s ones). And the church that God raised up there became the church that commissioned and supported Paul in his worldwide missionary work. Wherever we live, we should trust God for that same kind of boldness and that same impact. Our eyes must be ever outward to the world in need of the message. (LABC)


21
And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number that believed turned to the Lord.

21And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number who believed turned to the Lord

The hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number became believers and turned to the Lord.NRSV



When we do things God's way and in accordance with his will, he will be with us.  A great number believed and were baptized.  These were Gentiles who became Christians.


The Lord’s hand (11:21) – The Lord’s role in the process of conversion is stressed (the Lord’s hand was with them), together with a clear statement of the human response involved (and a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord). Here, as in 4:30–31, the context suggests that the Lord’s hand is manifested in the work of the Holy Spirit (cf. 11:17–18). Repentance and faith are the essential requirements for salvation, baptism being the outward expression of a turning to Christ as Saviour and Lord (cf. 2:38; 3:19–21; 11:17–18). As Luke begins to describe the growth of the church in Antioch, he speaks of a great number, recalling the initial growth of the church in Jerusalem (cf. 2:41, 7; 4:4; 5:14; 6:7). In v. 24 he also speaks of many people being ‘added to the Lord’…, just as in 2:41, 47; 5:14. Further parallels are noted below in connection with 11:26–30, suggesting a deliberate attempt to show how God worked in Antioch as he did initially in Jerusalem. (PNTC, 353) Lord's hand. Cf. 4:30; 13:11; cf. also Lk 1:66. It indicates divine approval and blessing, sometimes evidenced by signs and wonders (see Ex 8:19).
A great number (11:21) – Evidently this small beginning turned Antioch into a place where the believers aggressively preached to the Gentiles. Philip had preached in Samaria (8:5), but the Samaritans were part Jewish. Peter had preached to Cornelius, but he already worshiped God (10:2). Believers who were scattered after the outbreak of persecution in Jerusalem spread the gospel to other Jews in the lands where they had fled (11:19). Finally, the believers began actively sharing the Good News with Gentiles, with great results. (LABC) large number who believed In Acts, a large number of converts often accompanies the gospel reaching new regions (e.g., 2:415:146:7).


22
And the report concerning them came to the ears of the church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas as far as Antioch:

22The report of this came to the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to Antioch

When the church at Jerusalem heard what had happened, they sent Barnabas to Antioch. NLT


Antioch was the third largest city in the Roman Empire. Therefore, it was the third greatest city in the world at that time (Rome and Alexandria, Egypt were larger).  The city was near the mouth of the river, Orontes, fifteen miles from the Mediterranean Sea.  The city was famous for her luxurious immorality.  It was a worldly city and the center of the worship of Daphne.


They sent Barnabas (11:22) – The problem with unknown people doing significant things is that they lack credentials for others to accept the validity of what they are doing. Therefore, a known and respected person was sent by the Jerusalem church. (NIVAC, 348) Barnabas. See notes on 4:36; 9:27. Antioch. See note on v. 19. The sending of Barnabas was apparently in keeping with the Jerusalem church's policy of sending leaders to check on new ministries that came to their attention (see 8:14).


23
who, when he was come, and had seen the grace of God, was glad; and he exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord:

23When he came and saw the grace of God, he was glad, and he exhorted them all to remain faithful to the Lord with steadfast purpose

 When he arrived and saw this proof of God's favor, he was filled with joy, and he encouraged the believers to stay true to the Lord.NLT


Barnabas was called the "son of encouragement."  They could not have picked a better man for the job.  He was a Cypriote Jew by birth, like some of these who had begun to preach the gospel to the Gentiles.  When he saw Gentiles obeying the gospel and becoming Christians, he rejoiced and encouraged them in what they were doing.  He urged them to be faithful to the Lord.


Grace of God (11:23) – His ability to discern the grace of God at work in others gave him a generous and encouraging spirit. This enabled him to facilitate the ministry of Saul in Jerusalem, when others were suspicious of his intentions (9:26–29), and John Mark when he had previously abandoned his missionary partners (15:36–39). The ministry of encouragement exercised by Barnabas in Antioch is further explained in terms of the fact that he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith (v. 24 is linked to the preceding verse by hoti [‘because’], which TNIV obscures). Note how Stephen is similarly described in 6:5. It was the work of the Spirit, enabling Barnabas to recognize and trust in the grace of God that made him a good man. (PNTC, 355)
Encouraged (11:23) – One of the highest of human duties is the duty of encouragement …. “It is easy to laugh at men’s ideals; it is easy to pour cold water on their enthusiasm; it is easy to discourage others. The world is full of discouragers. We have a Christian duty to encourage one another. Many a time a word of praise or thanks or appreciation or cheer has kept a man on his feet. Blessed is the man who speaks such a word.” —William Barclay (LABC)
Attributes of Encouragers (11:23) – Encouragers …
1.       Are easily gladdened – they are not threatened by other’s success.
2.       Urge perseverance – they realize the Christian walk is often a marathon.
3.       Have character – they are good people, that is people of integrity.
4.       Are full of the Spirit – they derive their power not from self, but from the Spirit.
5.       Have faith – they put their belief in the promises of God.
6.       Enlist the help of capable people – they know others can to some things better than they themselves can do them.
7.       Forge missionary partnerships – unity of the body is a reality for them.
(Adapted from NIVAC, 354-359)


24
for he was a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith: and much people were added unto the Lord.

24for he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord

He was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith, and a great number of people were brought to the Lord.NIV


Luke introduces Barnabas first in Acts 4:35-36.  He was described in much the same way as Stephen was in Acts 6:5.  He was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith.  There was no better way of saying that he was a faithful dedicated servant of the Lord.
            Many people were added to the Lord.  It was recorded in Acts 2:38-47 that when people obeyed the gospel by believing in Jesus as the Son of God, repenting of their sins, confessing their faith in Christ, and being baptized for the remission of their sins, the Lord added them to the church.  This was true in Antioch just as it is true today.  Men do not join the church; they are added to the church by the Lord when they obey the gospel.  Many people obeyed the gospel in Antioch, and the Lord added them to the church.


…He (11:24) – The NIV unfortunately does not translate the first word of verse 24, hoti, meaning “because.” That word connects Barnabas’s ministry of encouragement (v. 23) to his Christian character as “a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith” (v. 24).  (NIVAC, 349)



full of the Holy Spirit and faith. See the description of Stephen (6:5).

25
And he went forth to Tarsus to seek for Saul;

25So Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul

Then Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul, NRSV



Barnabas felt that the work in Antioch had great potential if the right man was there to work with him.  He decided that the man they needed was Saul, so he went to find him.


Tarsus. See 9:11,30 and note on 22:3.




26
and when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch.  And it came to pass that even for a whole year they were gathered together with the church, and taught much people; and that the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.

26and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people. And in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians.

and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. So it was that for an entire year they met with the church and taught a great many people, and it was in Antioch that the disciples were first called "Christians."NRSV


Barnabas found Paul and brought him to Antioch.  The year was about A.D. 42. It had been nine years since Luke last mentioned Saul as he was escaping by way of Caesarea to Tarsus (Acts 9:30).  Barnabas and Saul worked together and the Lord blessed their work.  Many people were taught the gospel.
            It was in Antioch that the disciples were first called Christians.  This literally means "people of Christ."  There was much debate whether this is a God-given name or a name given in derision by their enemies.  It is this writer's conviction that this is the God-given name prophesied in Isaiah 62:2.  It is the distinct name of God's people in the Christian era. All other names of followers of Christ, but this name, were used by children of God in the Old Testament. This is the new name.  It honors Christ.  People today should be people of Christ, nothing else.


Making Disciples (11:26) – Barnabas and Saul stayed at Antioch for a full year, teaching the new believers. They saw the importance of follow-through and training. Have you helped someone to believe in Christ? Spend time teaching and encouraging that person. Spiritual birth is only the beginning; spiritual growth must follow. Are you a new believer? Remember, you are just beginning your Christian life. Your faith needs to grow and mature through consistent Bible study and teaching. (LABC)
Barnabas and Saul (11:26) – Time would show the brilliant and uniquely equipped Saul outstripping Barnabas in evangelistic success. Barnabas likely knew it would happen before he sought him to be his partner at Antioch. His concern was for the success of the gospel, and there is no evidence that he was ever bothered by taking a secondary role. (Shelly, 139)
·         At this point the two-man team has Barnabas list first in order or prominence. Soon, however, Paul will assume the prominent role and be listed first. In 13:9 Saul has his name changed to Paul and assumes the dominant role going forward (cf. 13:42).
Christians (11:26) – “Christians” occurs in the New Testament only here, as a nickname given by outsiders, and in 1 Peter 4:16, as something like a legal charge. The title is formed on the analogy of adherents to a political party: the “Caesarians,” the “Herodians,” the “Pompeianians” and so forth. Antiochans were known for making fun of people, but Christians in the second century decided to adopt the title with pride. No one would have guessed how long the name would last! (BBC)
Christians The Greek term used here, christianos, which may be literally rendered “of Christ” or “belonging to Christ,” refers to “Christ followers.” The community began to be known as a distinct movement from Judaism that was loyal to Jesus as Messiah (or Christ) and Lord (compare 2:36 and note10:36).
Titles in Acts for the Redeemed People of God
o    Believers – 1:15; 2:44; 4:32; 5:12; 9:41; 10:45; 15:2, 23; 16:1, 15; 21:25
o    The church – 5:11; 8:1, 3; 9:31; 11:22; 12:1, 5; 13:1; 14:23; 15:3-4, 41; 16:5; 18:22; 20:17
o    Disciples – 6:1-2, 7; 9:1, 10, 19, 26, 36; 11:29; 13:52; 14:20-22; 18:23; 19:9; 21:4-5, 16
o    Brother/brothers – 6:3; 9:17, 30; 10:23; 11:1, 29; 12:17; 14:2; 15:3, 22, 32-33, 36; 16:2, 40; 17:6, 10; 18:18, 27; 21:7,17; 28:14-15
o    The Way – 9:2; 19:9, 23; 24:22
o    The Lord’s people – 9:32
o    Christians – 11:26; 26:28
o    Follower/followers – 17:34; 22:4; 24:14
o    The flock – 20:28-2 (LABC)



whole year. Luke notes definite periods of time (18:11; 19:8,10; 24:27; 28:30). Christians. Whether adopted by believers or invented by enemies as a term of reproach, it is an apt title for those "belonging to Christ" (the meaning of the term).


27
Now in these days there came down prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch.

27Now in these days prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch

During this time some prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. NIV


These days mean during this year that Barnabas and Saul were in Antioch which would be A.D. 43. Prophets were inspired preachers who were guided by the Holy Spirit in what they spoke.  They came from Jerusalem to Antioch.


prophets. The first mention of the gift of prophecy in Acts. Prophets preach, exhort, explain or, as in this case, foretell (see 13:1; 15:32; 19:6; 21:9-10; Ro 12:6; 1Co 12:10; 13:2,8; 14:3,6,29-37; see also notes on Jnh 3:2; Zec 1:1; Eph 4:11).




HIGHLIGHT: Acts 11:28 During the Reign of...
                The historian Luke is the only New Testament author who dates his books by referring to Roman emperors. He refers to Claudius three times in Acts; the events in Luke’s Gospel occur during the reigns of Tiberius and Augustus.

28
And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by the Spirit that there should be a great famine over all the world: which came to pass in the days of Claudius.

 28And one of them named Agabus stood up and foretold by the Spirit that there would be a great famine over all the world (this took place in the days of Claudius). 

One of them, named Agabus, stood up and through the Spirit predicted that a severe famine would spread over the entire Roman world. (This happened during the reign of Claudius.)NIV


Agabus predicted a great famine during the days of Claudius.  Claudius was the Roman Emperor from A.D. 41-54. History records the severe crop failures and famines in various parts of the empire during his reign. Agabus This prophet appears again in 21:10. Agabus. Later foretells Paul's imprisonment (21:10). In Acts, prophets are engaged in foretelling (v. 27; 21:9-10) at least as often as in "forthtelling" (15:32).


Famine (11:28) – The plight of the Judean Christians would have been especially desperate in these famine years, for among those most likely to have fled Judea during the persecution would have been those best able to support themselves elsewhere. The church may have been deprived of its more wealthy members at the very time when their help was needed most. How welcome these gifts from Antioch must have been! (NIBC, 207)


in the time of Claudius Claudius was emperor of Rome from ad 41–54. The famine may have begun in ad 40, but reached its pinnacle in ad 44–48, as reported by the first-century Jewish historian Josephus (Josephus, Antiquities 3.32020.101).



29
And the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren that dwelt in Judaea:

29So the disciples determinedevery one according to his ability, to send relief to the brothersd living in Judea

So the believers in Antioch decided to send relief to the brothers and sisters in Judea, NLT


The Christians in Antioch believed the prophet's prediction and each of them determined to send relief to Judaea even before the famine occurred.  Churches today send help to other Christians when natural disasters strike.


Decided to provide help (11:29) – What is significant here is that the believers act in advance of the famine through faith in the prophecy (cf. Gen 41:33-36). (BBC)
  • This act of generosity, like many others in Acts, shows the proper use of possessions. (Niccum)
Brothers (11:29) – Luke’s language is designed to show the unity between these two groups of believers. (NIBC, 207)
determined to send financial aid for support The new Gentile believers in Antioch desired to show the same grace that they had been shown, by helping to relieve the suffering of their Jewish Christian brothers and sisters.



Generous Giving (11:29-30) – The people of Antioch were motivated to give generously because they cared about the needs of others. This is the “cheerful” giving that the Bible commends (2 Corinthians 9:7). Reluctant giving reflects a lack of concern for people and a worldly focus (Matthew 6:19-21). When you remember how much God has done for you and when you focus your concern on the needy, you will be motivated to give. (LABC)


30
which also they did, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

30And they did so, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

 everyone giving as much as they could. This they did, entrusting their gifts to Barnabas and Saul to take to the elders of the church in Jerusalem.NLT


They sent the money by personal couriers, Barnabas and Saul.  It was sent to the elders.  This is the way it should be done as the elders are the overseers of the local congregation.  Luke does not explain about elders here.  Since he was writing around A.D. 64 Christians understood the office and work of elders.  For a fuller discussion of elders see I Timothy 3.


Barnabas and Saul Two of the most vital people in the Church’s call to establish the Gentile mission and move it forward. Compare Rom 15:25–272 Cor 8–9.


elders. First reference to them in Acts (see notes on 1Ti 3:1; 5:17). Since the apostles are not mentioned, they may have been absent from Jerusalem at this time.
Charity (11:29-30) – One senses a declining emphasis upon philanthropy within today’s church. An older generation of Christians, nurtured in concepts of tithing of income and generosity toward the mission of the church, appears to be passing. Today we look to the government or to private philanthropic agencies to spread the wealth and to care for the unfortunate. We denigrate yesterday’s “charity” as ineffective, paternalistic, and self-serving. Yet how much material responsibility do we feel for the less fortunate—even those within the church? My money is my business. What I give is a purely private affair. Pass more social legislation and spend someone else’s tax money rather than call upon me for charity. We are more adept than Ananias and Sapphira (5:1–11) in deceiving ourselves about our selfishness and our acquisitiveness. (IBCTP, 110-11)